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Leiden University is the oldest university in the Netherlands, founded in 1575 after the city of Leiden was rewarded for its resistance during the Spanish siege. It is one of Europe’s most respected research universities and has built a strong international reputation over several centuries.The university is organized into seven faculties and operates mainly in Leiden and The Hague, giving it bo
https://www.norca.lu.se/leiden-university - 2026-05-01
University of Southern Denmark (Syddansk Universitet, SDU) is Denmark's third largest university, with roots tracing back to Odense University founded in 1966. It expanded through mergers in 1998 with the Southern Denmark School of Business and Engineering and South Jutland University Centre, creating a multi-campus institution across Odense, Kolding, Esbjerg, Sønderborg, Slagelse, and Copenhagen.
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-southern-denmark-syddansk-universitet - 2026-05-01
The University of Michigan is a leading public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Founded in 1817 by an act of the Michigan Territorial Legislature, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States and is widely recognized as one of the world's foremost institutions of higher learning. The university is formally known as "The Regents of the University of Michi
https://www.norca.lu.se/regents-university-michigan-university-michigan - 2026-05-01
The Chr. Michelsen Institute, formally known as Chr. Michelsens Institutt for Videnskap og Åndsfrihet (Institute for Science and Intellectual Freedom), is an independent development research institute located in Bergen, Norway. It was established on March 15, 1930, founded through the bequest of Christian Michelsen (1857–1925), a wealthy shipowner and former Norwegian Prime Minister who donated th
https://www.norca.lu.se/chr-michelsen-institute-cmi - 2026-05-01
The Université Internationale de Rabat (UIR) is a semi-public university located in Salé, within the greater Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. Founded in 2010, it holds the distinction of being the first higher education institution in Morocco established through a public-private partnership, and was officially granted state recognition in 2016 under the framework of Law 01-00, making it the f
https://www.norca.lu.se/universite-internationale-de-rabat-uir - 2026-05-01
The Arab Alternatives Forum for Social Studies (AFA) is an independent Arab research organization established in Egypt in 2008. It was founded with the mission of consolidating scientific thinking in the Arab region and tackling political, social, and economic issues through objective and independent methodologies, free from political propaganda or incitement. The forum is recognized as one of the
https://www.norca.lu.se/arab-alternatives-forum-social-studies-afa - 2026-05-01
The International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan (IIAU) is a specialized public higher education institution located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Founded in 1999 pursuant to a presidential decree on the radical improvement of religious and enlightenment activities in the country, it operates under the dual supervision of the Committee on Religious Affairs under the Cabinet of Ministers and the Board of
https://www.norca.lu.se/international-islamic-academy-uzbekistan-iiau - 2026-05-01
The Arab Center for Research and Political Studies in Paris (CAREP Paris) is an independent non-profit research association in the humanities and social sciences, established in 2019 under the French association law of 1901. Based at 12 rue Raymond Aron in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, it was founded by French and Arab researchers who identified a significant gap in the European academic lands
https://www.norca.lu.se/arab-center-research-and-political-studies-paris-carep-paris - 2026-05-01
Kimyo International University in Tashkent (KIUT) is the first private higher education institution in Uzbekistan, established in 2018 through an intergovernmental agreement between South Korea and Uzbekistan. It was initially founded under the name Yeoju Technical Institute in Tashkent, operating in partnership with South Korea's Yeoju University, before being reorganized and rebranded to its cur
https://www.norca.lu.se/kimyo-international-university-tashkent-kiut - 2026-05-01
The University of Indonesia (Universitas Indonesia, UI) is a prestigious public research university with campuses in Depok, West Java, and Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Its origins trace back to 1849, when the Dutch colonial government established a medical training school known as the School of Health Sciences and Vaccines, making it the oldest institution of its kind in Indonesia. The uni
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-indonesia-universitas-indonesia - 2026-05-01
The University of Benghazi (UoB) is the oldest and largest public university in Libya, located in Benghazi, the country's second-largest city. It was founded on December 15, 1955, under the name "University of Libya," beginning its operations with a single Faculty of Arts and Education, 31 students, and just 6 professors. Over the following decades the institution went through several name changes
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-benghazi-uob - 2026-05-01
The University of Sfax (Université de Sfax, جامعة صفاقس) is a large public research university located in Sfax, Tunisia's second-largest city. It was founded in 1986 under the name "University of the South," with the purpose of covering all academic institutions in southern Tunisia. Following the creation of the University of Gabes in 2003 and the University of Gafsa in 2004, the institution adopt
https://www.norca.lu.se/university-sfax - 2026-05-01
The History Foundation (Tarih Vakfı) is a prominent civil society organization based in Istanbul, Turkey, dedicated to developing and disseminating historical awareness throughout the country. It was founded on September 14, 1991, through the joint initiative of 264 founding trustees, primarily historians, social scientists, intellectuals, politicians, writers, and artists, in response to a need f
https://www.norca.lu.se/history-foundation-tarih-vakfi - 2026-05-01
Nuon Organization for Peacebuilding is a non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 2012 by Lebanese and Syrian young men and women united by a shared rejection of the war and divisions tearing Syrian society apart. The name "Nuon" derives from the fourteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet and serves as an acronym for the organization's motto, which translates in Arabic to "towards an exe
https://www.norca.lu.se/nuon-organization-peacebuilding - 2026-05-01
The American University in Cairo (AUC) is a prestigious private research university located in New Cairo, Egypt, founded in 1919 by the American Mission in Egypt. Established by Charles A. Watson with the vision of creating a Western-style institution for higher education in the Arab world, AUC has grown over more than a century into one of the region's leading English-language universities. It ho
https://www.norca.lu.se/american-university-cairo-auc - 2026-05-01
https://www.norca.lu.se/books - 2026-05-01
https://www.norca.lu.se/working-papers - 2026-05-01
Project Title: MOCCA: Multilevel Orders of Corruption in Central Asia (project number 101085855. Research and staff exchange project funded by the European Commission's HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01-01 programme)Author: Samandarboy Sulaymanov, sulaymanovsamandarboy [at] gmail [dot] com (sulaymanovsamandarboy[at]gmail[dot]com) Editor: Mamed Askerov, mamed [dot] askerov [at] soclaw [dot] lu [dot] se (mam
https://www.norca.lu.se/policy-briefs-mocca/policy-brief-2-april-2026 - 2026-05-01
